Hunting Plants in Nepal
January 13, 2014鈥� student Alex O鈥橬eill (C鈥�15) didn鈥檛 always see a way to combine his interests in medicine and ecology鈥攗ntil he began studying plant-based medicine. Funded by a , O鈥橬eill is spending a year in Nepal, studying the uses, perceptions, and management of medicinal plants.
Boren scholarships fund the study of less common languages in countries that are underrepresented in study abroad programs. You鈥檙e the first student to choose to study Nepali on a Boren scholarship. What鈥檚 been your experience learning Nepali?
Alex O鈥橬eill: I was an American in a house of Nepali guys and my TA, who was also American. It was sink or swim in terms of communication, so you learn Nepali. My roommates spoke English, but the general society with whom I was working did not. I鈥檓 grateful for this鈥攁lthough it was hard at first鈥攖hat I鈥檓 not with many Americans because it demanded that I work to learn the language.
I am also now learning Tibetan, which is spoken throughout the Himalayan belt. Before Boren, I didn鈥檛 think it would be necessarily useful to learn a language like Nepali or Tibetan, but the opportunities that you have I now realize are extraordinary. Companies like Google, the government, and think tanks look to hire people with specialist language skills and cultural knowledge. These are important languages and are associated with beautiful, friendly cultures.
What have you been doing in your first few months in Kathmandu, Nepal?
I spent two months learning language and the other half of my time has been devoted to independent research. So I鈥檝e been wandering around Nepal, hunting parasitic plants. Next semester I鈥檒l be by myself, so I鈥檒l have individual classes with my professors from Tribhuvan National University of Nepal. And I鈥檒l do my own project again.
What鈥檚 Nepal like? Why is it an interesting place for ecological study?
It鈥檚 beautiful. Nepal goes from 60 meters to 8,900 meters [above sea level], with low tropical and high subalpine areas. You cover every vegetative zone, within a tiny area. The climate changes based on the geography. The climate on one mountain differs from another depending on the surroundings.
What research have you been doing on parasitic plants this semester?
My specialty is parasitic and heterotrophic plants, which are basically plants that eat other plants. I went through all of the records in [Nepal鈥檚] herbariums. That鈥檚 where I started. I鈥檓 the first one to do anything on parasitic plants in Nepal. My research in finding the uses for the plants has never been recorded before. My work will probably be used in their [national] biodiversity strategy, and it could be used to help inform policy.
To get information about the plants, you鈥檝e been interviewing shamans. What have you learned about shamanism in Nepal, and what have the shamans thought of your research?
They were interested in why I was interested. I was in a village where there are 30 shamans there, and each one specializes in something in particular, such as death rites, spiritual possession, birth ceremonies, the zodiac. At first I thought that shamanism was very exotic. But when you think about it, it鈥檚 no different than Georgetown priests or other spiritual advisors. It鈥檚 just a different environment and different cultural background.
You also describe your research of parasitic plants in Nepal as cultural preservation, why?
The way lifestyles are changing鈥攖hey are changing dramatically in Nepal. Eighty-five percent of the population relies on agriculture as their primary livelihood. But now children are being sent to India and abroad to do work on the Gulf or to be educated. Traditional botanical knowledge is being lost rapidly because of globalization. It鈥檚 no longer [as] relevant. You no longer need the cultural ties that go with all of these [plants]. At a basic level, what I鈥檓 doing is recording culture, names, and myths.
What do you find interesting about parasitic plants?
Parasitic plants release [chemicals] to detect hosts and convince host plants that they want to grow toward the parasite. They鈥檙e plants, so they don鈥檛 have brains. They aren鈥檛 actively 鈥渢hinking鈥� about [this process]. It鈥檚 all biochemistry.
You鈥檝e been working to identify and categorize parasitic plants, but what further research do you want to see done?
My idea is that the chemicals that the plants release to detect hosts actually have potential in medicine. The folk [remedies] are valid, and they serve purposes. The 鈥渕iracle medicine鈥� is not going to be in traditional use, in my opinion. The novel use is going to be in extracting the chemicals the plants use to find host plants. There鈥檚 already been a case using parasitic plants in cancer research here at Georgetown.
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