Disease Detector
October 22, 2012鈥� major Sarah Kramer (C鈥�14) recently won a Clare Boothe Luce Scholarship for Women in Science and Mathematics. A prestigious source of private support for women in science, mathematics, and engineering, the scholarship will help Kramer fund tuition as she continues her research in the .
Kramer traces her passion for biology to her childhood. At home, she grew up learning from her father, a doctor, while in school she was introduced to projects about illness and the treatment of the human body.
鈥淪pecifically, I want to go into epidemiology, the study of how diseases spread. I first got interested in that in ninth grade,鈥� Kramer said. 鈥淚 was doing science Olympiad competitions, and they had a specific competition called 鈥楧isease Detectors,鈥� which [involved] testing students or educating students about how epidemiologists check or investigate outbreaks of infectious diseases. That鈥檚 when I really got interested in it.鈥�
Kramer is also working toward a minor in , which has long been a favorite subject. Math, she says, lends itself to practical applications within biology.
鈥淚 think with things like epidemiology and research, where there tend to be more statistics and things like that, [math] just seems relevant,鈥� Kramer said, 鈥渆specially because now I鈥檓 working in a lab that does mathematical modeling of epidemics.鈥�
Kramer conducts her lab research with Assistant Professor , who joined the biology department this summer and helps Kramer understand pathogen behavior.
鈥淒r. Bansal and I work on modeling infectious diseases with mathematics, so we use computers to learn how diseases spread through a population and then work on different interventions that can slow down or stop the spread,鈥� Kramer explained. 鈥淚 want to keep doing that for the next couple years, and I also hope to work on my thesis next year in that lab.鈥�
For her thesis, Kramer plans to study influenza. She believes that the handful of big flu outbreaks throughout history can shed light on which vaccines and antiviral drugs are most effective.
鈥淲ith the flu, looking at old pandemics is important to inform my knowledge of what we should do if there鈥檚 another pandemic,鈥� Kramer said. 鈥淲e only have [a flu outbreak] about three times a century, so you really have to look into the ones that have happened in the past.鈥�
Epidemiology fascinates Kramer because it is so different from most medical sciences. Usually, medicine focuses on the mechanics and symptoms of disease or on how disease works inside the body and manifests after invading. But epidemiologists look at patterns of transmission鈥攈ow disease is passed from person to person.
鈥淚鈥檓 mostly interested in viruses. Viruses can鈥檛 be cured, so it鈥檚 really important to stop them from spreading because, other than that, there鈥檚 not a whole lot you can do about them,鈥� Kramer said. 鈥淵ou can鈥檛 even see a virus鈥攊t鈥檚 barely alive and yet it can spread through an entire population and cause a lot of destruction.鈥�
Eventually, Kramer would like to become an epidemiologist who travels between local, national, and international hot zones鈥攁reas with high rates of infection鈥攊n order to better understand illness and to save lives. Although her 鈥渋deal鈥� job might jeopardize her safety, she would have the chance to help communities stop the spread of disease.
鈥淚鈥檓 not sure what exactly the career would be called,鈥� Kramer said. 鈥淲henever there鈥檚 an outbreak or some sort of infectious disease, whenever there鈥檚 just a bunch of people getting some disease that isn鈥檛 normally around, I鈥檇 like to be one of the people who go down and investigate and try to figure out, 鈥榃here did this disease start? Who got it first? How did it spread among this population? And what do we do to stop it from spreading any further?鈥欌��